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The Naked And The Dead (2000)

The Naked and the Dead (2000)

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3.93 of 5 Votes: 2
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ISBN
0312265050 (ISBN13: 9780312265052)
Language
English
Publisher
picador

About book The Naked And The Dead (2000)

Eine erzähltechnische Bankrotterklärung,die nur einem vollkommen unerfahrenen Autor mit den allerbesten Absichten gelingen kann. Beim Verhältnis des Umfangs dieses Wälzers im Vergleich zum Handlungsgehalt (der oben wieder gegebene Klappentext meiner Ausgabe lässt nichts aus) ist man als Leser so übel dran wie jemand, der einen Doppelpack Knäckebrot unter Zuhilfenahme von vier oder fünf Schnapsgläschen Wasser vertilgen soll. Immerhin enthält jede Packung acht oder neun unterschiedliche Sorten, so dass wenigstens für ein bisschen Abwechslung gesorgt ist. Auch wenn die Rückblenden auf die Vorgeschichte der durch den Krieg um ihr Leben und ihre bisherigen Stellungen betrogenen der Hauptpersonen gelegentlich Abwechslung bieten, ist der Handlungsanteil so absolut minimal, dass man sagen könnte, Norman Mailer bekämpft den Krieg mit Langeweile, quält aber nur die Leser, sofern diese entschlossen genug sind, seinen literarischen Mount Anaka zu besteigen. Denn die alpinistische Ersatzhandlung des Restplatoons wie der Rücktransport des angeschossenen Wilson nehmen etwa fünf mal so viel Platz ein wie alle Kampfhandlungen. Fast noch ärgerlich ist die Tatsache, dass sein Personal selten miteinander agiert, sondern zumeist in jenem Karteikartenstatus stecken bleibt, aus dem es in den Roman übertragen wurde.Bei Kenntnis der Vorgeschichte erklären sich so gut wie sämtliche Mängel dieses Buches. Der junge Norman Mailer, der schon zwei abgelehnte Romane in seiner Vita hatte, wollte beim nächsten Anlauf den ganz großen Kriegsroman schreiben, der auf seiner eigenen Kampferfahrung beruhen sollte. Deshalb ließ er sich als gewöhnlicher Schütze einziehen, obwohl ihm als Harvard-Absolvent der Staabsdienst offen gestanden hätte. Aber bis der Rekrut Mailer geschliffen war, gab es kaum noch nennenswerte Schlachten im Pazifik zu schlagen. Mailer wurde beim Auswerten von Patrouillenberichten und Luftbildern, doch in den Papierkrieg verwickelt, allenfalls im Verlauf von ein paar leichteren Straßenkampfscharmützeln bei der Einnahme von Manila, geriet der Autor des angestrebten ganz großen Kriegsromans mal unter Feuer. In die Nackten und die Toten findet sich davon übrigens kein Wort von selbst erlebten Schusswechseln. Grundlage für die Handlung oder was man dafür halten muss, ist eine Dschungel-Patrouille mit einem Texanischen Kommando, das den untrainierten Neuzugang, der sich seine Teilnahme regelrecht erbettelt hatte, eher als Belastung empfunden haben soll. Während dieser Dschungelpatrouille kam Mailer nicht nur körperlich so weit an seine Grenzen, dass ihm so gut wie alles egal war, er fand dabei auch sein Personal. Zumal seine neuen Kameraden unmittelbar zuvor eine Exkursion hinter sich hatten, die für jene vollkommen überflüssige Patrouille Modell stand, die das letzte Drittel des Romans ausmacht. In einigen Fällen hat er nicht mal die Namen geändert, so Mailers Schriftstellerkollege James Gwaltney, der seinerzeit so etwas wie ein Vertrauter für den ziemlich isolierten Mailer gewesen sein soll. Meine Kenntnis der Vorgeschichte stammt aus der ganz hervorragenden Bio von Mills.Da Norman Mailer bei der Niederschrift seinem Konzept so weit treu blieb und überwiegend aus eigenen Erfahrungen, bzw. selbst recherchiertem Material schöpfte, erklärt neben der unverhältnismäßigen Handlungsarmut auch die durch nichts gerechtfertigte Länge. Denn Mailer schickt nicht nur 14 Leute auf Patrouille, von denen drei nicht zurück kommen, er protokolliert von jedem jedes Wehwechen, überspringt dafür den Tod des in einen Hinterhalt gelockten Leutnant Hearn, dafür gibt es ja keine Erfahrungswerte. Immerhin kann bis heute so gut wie jeder Leser, der einmal einer Wanderung, Radtour, Bergbesteigung in der Gruppe ausgesetzt war, die über die eigenen Verhältnisse ging, in etwa nachempfinden was die Mitglieder der Truppe, vor allem die Schlusslichter durchmachen. Unangemessene Strapazen und die Nöte, denen man physisch und vielleicht auch psychisch ausgesetzt ist, wenn man nicht mehr kann sind in der betreffenden Situation sicherlich unerträglich, - Mailer lässt sein vom Rest als nutzlos empfundenes alter ego Roth, dem der Antisemitismus der Truppe in einer kritischen Situation zusetzt, bei einem Sprung abstürzen, den alle anderen bewältigt haben -, aber diese Erfahrungen über 250 Seiten mittels acht Charakteren auswalzen, die nicht mal in einen ordentlichen Konflikt geraten, das ist schon ein starkes Stück. Nicht einmal seinem sterbenden Wilson gibt er eine Erinnerung, die nicht auf den vier Seiten Kurzbio ausgebreitet war, anscheinend war die Karteikarte abgearbeitet und mit Mailers Einfallsreichtum war es ohnehin nicht weit her, wenn man die Motivation für den Abbruch des Gipfelsturms betrachtet. Über das Hornissennest, in das Anführer Croft kurz vor dem Gipfel hineintappt haben sich ja schon andere ausführlich geärgert. Ich frage mich immer noch, bis zu welcher Höhe Hornissen überhaupt siedeln, bzw. ob es so weit oben überhaupt genügend verzehrbare Insekten für einen Hornissenstaat gibt. Aber da die Insel Anapopei ja ein Phantasieprodukt ist, hat der Autor ja volle Freiheit bei der Gestaltung von Fauna und Flora.Kaum zu glauben, dass sich die Frage, ob der Roman erscheint, nachdem erst mal der negativ eingestellt Cheflektor ausgetrickst war, vor allem um das Wort Fuck gedreht hat. Dieses wurde ja als fug entschärft wurde, in der deutschen Übersetzung von Walter Kahnert findet sich an vielen Stellen, vor allem den Anfängen von Dialogen ein langes Ääääh, das man wohl als Platzhalter für das damals Unaussprechliche interpretieren kann.Dass Norman Mailer Romancier werden wollte ist, trotz einiger tausend entsprechend kategorisierter Seiten, ein so großes Missverständnis wie die Lokführer- oder Pilotenwünsche vieler kleiner Jungs, dass die Nackten und die Toten ein großer Erfolg wurden, lag an einem neuartigen Marketing und einer gewissen Antikriegsstimmung um 1947. Mit seiner Beobachtungsgabe und seiner Formulierungskunst hat Mailer später z.T. großartige aktive Augenzeugenberichte geschrieben, die sich immer noch gut lesen, auch wenn es sich um längst vergangene Parteitage der Republikaner handelt. Einem 24jährigen Autor kann man so einiges nachsehen, sogar diesen erzähltechnischen Gänsemarsch oder eine Struktur, die unter dem Übergewicht von 700 Seiten zusammenbrechen muss. Das Einteilen eines fiktiven Werks hat er Zeit seines Lebens nicht mehr gelernt. Der dicke ägyptische Wiedergeburtsziegel Frühe Nächte von 1982 sollte die vier Leben schildern, das erste dauert über 600 von 800 Seiten, der Rest ist lieblos runtergehaspelt, sein 1600 Seiten dickes Epos der Geheimen Mächte hat auch nie ein Ende gefunden, enthält aber herrliche Angeberprosa, deren Funktion im Gesamtgefüge sich mir noch nicht so recht erschlossen hat.Hatte die Nackten und die Toten ja als Vergleichsgröße zu Catch 22 begonnen, das sich als Parodie auf die Nackten gar nicht mehr so schlecht ausnimmt, obwohl die Handlungsarmut und der Wiederholungszwang von Heller schon bis zur Weißglut gereizt haben.

Us readers have no homes, like unnoticed birds we perch anywhere, like the most disturbed stalkers we go through anybody’s underwear drawer, like vicious tax-gatherers we audit everyone, the writers especially, their creatures the characters very particularly, and hanging between all three of us, the book. It sits there in its cover. We ticket, we note, we award, with our eyes, brains and stars. We scribble in the margins to the outrage of future readers – well, I do, maybe you do not do that. (I never mind if someone has previously done that.)So I have looked out of Humbert Humbert’s paedophiliac eyes, I overheard the good man Jesus and the scoundrel Christ, I declined and fell with Paul Pennyfeather and I closely observed Molly Bloom in her bed for at least three hours, she didn’t notice a thing. It was like I wasn’t there. With Jeanette Winterson I too grew up in a crazy Christian cult, and like others before me I could not stop Merricat Blackwood from her pyromania whatever I did. Well, you could all say similar things. Our acceptance of the thousand varieties of human beingness is almost limitless. We are promiscuity itself. The Naked and the Dead is not really about World War Two, or about war in general, it’s about looking through the eyes of men, a whole bunch of them, sleeping with them, eating with them, drinking, pissing and fighting with them. In this novel, the thing to have is a penis. The testosterone floweth through this novel as doth the Ganges through India. And… I just couldn’t do it. I didn’t want to go through all this painful stuff with a bunch of assorted blokes constantly eating, farting, sleeping, waking, yakking, being blown up or not, writing letters, bragging, playing poker, theorising banally about women and on. And on.Because there are a thousand characters, Mailer provides each with a description round the time they are introduced. Such as:He was a little over medium height, well fleshed, with a rather handsome sun-tanned face and graying hair. His expression when he smiled was very close to the ruddy, complacent and hard appearance of any number of American senators and businessmen, but the tough good-guy aura never quite remained. There was a certain vacancy in his face, like the vacancy of actors who play American congressmen. Well, after several descriptions like this everything blurs together and you realise why Catch-22 works so well because in that war novel everyone is a cartoon, no painful attempt at ultra-realistic detail at all, so Milo Minderbinder, Major Major, Colonel Korn and the rest remain intact in the memory years later. But really, me trying to read N&D was doomed to failure. It could have been a good one, I guess, you never know until you try, heck I’ve liked some funny things in my time. But the signs were not good :1)tI am ferociously biased against novels written by 24 year olds and any novels written by anyone under 30. (Writing novels is like the opposite of pop music). Evelyn Waugh has squeaked by (Decline and Fall) and I guess you have to give Mary Shelley the nod too, then there’s Dickens of course….ok, ok, MOSTLY I don’t think people under 30 can write a good novel. Norman Mailer is no Mary Shelley, and he would have been the first to admit that.2)tI hate war stories – Hamburger Hill, Platoon, From Here to Eternity, I avoid them all. I did watch Apocalypse Now and Saving Private Ryan and The Thin Red Line and like, that’s enough.3)tI thought I should read this because I was reading Norman Mailer’s biography which is VERY ENTERTAINING but I just always wanted to be finding out what happened to NORMAN next not the boys in the jungles of Anopopei. I can tell this is really a heck of an accomplishment, he commands his material fearlessly, ther’s no holding back, he’s a right know-it-all, and somebody needed to do a big honest novel about men in WW2 which could be set beside the big thumpers from WW1 (there won’t be any great novels coming out of WW3). So, for me this was a 2 star experience from a 4 star novel, abandoned a little shamefacedly but with relief.

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This is one of the great war novels from World War II. Norman Mailer studied aeronautical engineering at Harvard, but he became interested in writing, having his first story published at age 18. He was drafted after he graduated from college in 1943. He served in the Pacific with the United States Army, where he obtained the knowledge and experience to write about soldiers in combat. The Naked and the Dead was published when Mailer was 25. It instantly became a huge success, spending 62 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller List. Mailer's reputation as a novelist was established by this book, which would be the first of a long line of best-selling war novels from the likes of other war veterans, including James Jones, Leon Uris, Herman Wouk and others. Mailer would go on to become a hugely famous, if combative American author. He would have more than 30 books published before his death at age 84 in 2007, including the receipt of two Pulitzer Prizes. He would run for mayor of New York City on one occasion, with the campaign slogan "No More Bull Shit."The Naked and the Dead takes place amid the Army's invasion of a fictional Pacific Island. There is plenty of military terminology and methodology but the book is more focused on the psychological development of the main characters as they interact in the situation they are placed into. Mailer, considered to be an early proponent of narrative fiction, presents a fascinating mix of individuals who all seem to be suffering from some kind of character flaw or other. Mailer throws flashback-style personal histories of the main characters at intervals as the current story unfolds. The one common denominator of all characters is that no one comes out of this story any better than when it began. This is in support of probably the central thesis of Mailer, that war is not just hell; it is psychosis. Some of the guys in the recon platoon include: Minetta, the malingerer, who fakes battle fatigue, only to find out that being the only sane person in a psycho ward is worse than being in combat; Red, the pre-war drifter, who finds out on the island that his health is deteriorating at an alarming rate; Wilson, the philanderer who used to laugh at getting a mild case of venereal disease and finds out before going into action that he is seriously diseased; Roth, the Jew who is not accepted as an equal by anyone on his anti-Semitec crew, who might finally find respect by sharing the platoon's trials on an arduous march, only to be killed in a fall from a cliff. The enlisted men hate their officers and the officers hate each other. Major Dalleson, the unimaginative S-3 (Operations Officer) fumbles to find a way to deal with a situation in place of the general, who is away for the day reporting to his superiors, and muddles through a solution that wins the battle against the Japanese, only to find that all recognition and credit for his actions is suppressed in the official battle history. Even the Division General, Cummings, is obsessed that enemies at Higher Headquarters will find cause to use any mistakes against him and stall his career.Lt. Hearn is probably to be considered to be the central character in the story. He starts by working as General Cummings' aide but gets removed from that position when he makes it clear that he can no longer tolerate hearing about the General's fascist world-view. He finds himself reassigned to the recon platoon just when it is assigned to perform a mission to travel behind Japanese lines and find a way for the Army to get its stalled invasion moving again. This patrol becomes the central element of the book, when these fourteen men go on this most physically grueling and dangerous march. Hearn, and the platoon, find that they must deal with rough terrain, jungle heat, the enemy, and perhaps most fatefully, the nominal leader of the platoon, Sgt. Croft. Croft, to me, is indispensable to the meaning and the progress of the book. His character flaw is that he is a psychopath. He is a highly motivated leader of his men and is the bravest of the group; he is the glue that holds everyone to their tasks when the going gets tough. But he is deranged. He leads his men by fear, and he enjoys killing. He becomes a seething vessel of rage when the platoon he had been leading is placed under the command of an officer (Hearn) prior to going on their fugging (Mailer's euphemism) event -filled reconnaissance, and this will not end pleasantly for Hearn or for the rest of the men. The Picador 50th Anniversary Edition contains an Introduction from Norman Mailer. He describes the book in the second person, as a very good effort by an amateur, albeit a passionate, hard-working amateur who had written over a quarter of a million words in college. He admits to some sloppy writing style in parts, with, to use his description, words that came too easily and the habit of all of the nouns in every sentence holding hands with the nearest adjective. I think he was a little bit self-critical but he was looking at his first big success from the perspective of fifty years of continuing writing success. He certainly was true when he said the book had immediacy, coming out when everyone was hungry for a "big war novel", and that he delivered with a good, vigorous story that got only better as it unfolded. Bravo, Norman.
—Richard

This is the shittiest book I have ever read.H. P. Lovecraft, the horror writer from the earlier decades of the 20th century, wrote very little dialogue in his stories because he was aware that he wrote bad dialogue. Stilted, pedantic garbage. He knew that his forte was the description and action of his stories and so for the most part he stuck to that and wrote some very satisfying creepy stories.By contrast, Norman Mailer wrote a great deal of dialogue in the "Naked and the Dead". He didn't write it because it was his strong suit. He wrote it because apparently he had no one close to him who was kind enough to say, "Norm, this is garbage. You need to rewrite this." He really could have used a friend like this. He really could have used a friend who told him, "Really, man, this whole book is a steaming pile of poop. Burn it. When the stench is gone you'll feel much cleaner."I have read a lot in the course of my life. Admittedly, not all of it has been great (see: Stephen King's "Desperation"). And some of it has been amazing. Some of it brought tears to my eyes and other stuff made me so angry I wanted to run over a convent of nuns. And in all this reading, of so many different types of fiction, I have never, and I say this with no equivocation or uncertainty, read anything as shitty as "The Naked and the Dead". I gave it one star because I couldn't figure out a way to give it a negative number of stars.The characterization was...just bad. As I alluded, the dialogue was horrible. Yes, stilted. Yes, pedantic. But also incredibly condescending. Most characters in the book were written in overwrought colloquialism that made them all seem retarded. None of the characters in the story had a) any redeeming qualities, or, b) anything that made them interesting. Every emotion in the book was set in as clumsy a manner as I've ever read. I've seen better from high school sophomores. Everything the characters said, and every thought they had (Mailer made sure to share everything everybody thought for the duration of the book) was an incessant bitch-fest: how bad they had it, how much the army was "fugging" them, how they were certain their wives back home were nailing anything with the ability to maintain an erection. Combine all this with the fact that nobody, nobody at all, succeeded in doing a single thing they set out to do over the course of 721 pages. Whether it was leading a platoon on patrol, standing up to the crazy sergeant, or carrying a body back to camp, or any of the score of other things characters in the book "tried" to do, everybody failed and the entire point of everything they attemted was to give the reader the opportunity to listen to their fucking whining about it.Nothing happens in the first 400 (400!) pages of the novel. Well, okay, there was some bitching. And this perverse tension as the latently homosexual general plays dominance games with his lieutenant aid. And one character's clap won't go away. But aside from that, there is a 400 page lull at the beginning that brings into question my own sanity for finishing (commitment, baby, commitment). So after a "dry beginning" that is longer than most novels, the platoon goes on its big mission. But first: let's look at the pretty sunset. So they look at the sunset and they go on their mission and not a great deal happens there either and then the book is over.The San Francisco Chronicle calls "The Naked and the Dead" "...perhaps the best book to come out of any war." The San Francisco Chronicle is full of shit.I read this book because Norman Mailer is one of the most acclaimed authors in the American canon. I wanted to see what sort of achievement his breakthrough novel (at the tender age of 24) might be. I expected "Saving Private Ryan". What I got was an insufferably boring novel. I might burn it. I sure wish Norman Mailer had. Your time would be better spent reading Archie comic books.
—Josh Moyes

Less a war novel and more a rumination on class and military structure, Norman Mailer's World War II book is a hard-edged "Catch 22" that dispenses with satire and revels in cynicism. Unlike Joseph Heller's masterwork, perhaps the definitive WWII book in close contention with Vonnegut's "Slaughterhouse Five," The Naked and the Dead contains no character we may call completely sympathetic, and is perhaps the only war novel out there that lacks a strict protagonist. The main character in The Naked and the Dead is the Army, and what it does to the psyche of the Greatest Generation. Mailer invents the island of Anopopei to serve as a backdrop for his multi-character study. There's enough of a war plot here to keep the casual reader entertained; but it's clear from the outset this is not Mailer's purpose in writing. A sharp criticism of the military's structure, and what it does to the minds of men ensconced in mortal combat, becomes quickly apparent, and his characters are less fully realized individuals (though he'll give you a back story for each, conveniently around the time the reader begins to hate them or they are killed) than stand-ins for ideas. The hard-nosed, straight-laced General Cummings cares more for his personal standing than the men he must order into battle; his foil, Lieutenant Hearn, is a ne'er-do-well Ivy League boy whose idealism gets him thrown into danger. The men of the recon platoon harbor their own discriminations and a grating chauvinism that can make passages of the book difficult to read for modern audiences. Still, Mailer gets his hard-headed point across in gripping fashion, making you care just enough about the cannon fodder who are just as capable of pathos as they are of committing unspeakably violent and terrible acts. Mailer also writes with the breathless, straightforward prose you would expect from a journalist yet paints a convincing picture of his characters and their surroundings. Casual readers will balk at the attention to military detail, a convention neither Heller nor Vonnegut thought necessary to make their points and one that can bloat Mailer's tale at times. Still, this work deserves to be read in that same post-military-industrial-complex vein, and is a worthwhile read for the sociologists and anthropologists out there as well.
—Kip

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