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Napoleon's Buttons: How 17 Molecules Changed History (2003)

Napoleon's Buttons: How 17 Molecules Changed History (2003)

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Rating
3.91 of 5 Votes: 3
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ISBN
1585422207 (ISBN13: 9781585422203)
Language
English
Publisher
tarcher

About book Napoleon's Buttons: How 17 Molecules Changed History (2003)

"Though many factors have been proposed to explain the failure of Napoleon's 1812 Russian campaign, it has also been linked to something as small as a button-a tin button, the kind that fastened everything from the greatcoats of Napoleon's officers to the trousers of his foot soldiers. When temperatures drop below 56°F, tin crumbles into powder. Were the soldiers of the Grande Armée acutee fatally weakened by cold because the buttons of their uniforms fell apart? How different our world might be if tin did not disintegrate at low temperatures and the French had continued their eastward expansion! This fascinating book tells the stories of seventeen molecules that, like the tin of those buttons, greatly influenced the course of history. These molecules provided the impetus for early exploration and made possible the ensuing voyages of discovery. They resulted in grand feats of engineering and spurred advances in medicine; lie behind changes in gender roles, in law, and in the environment; and have determined what we today eat, drink, and wear."This book is both original and fascinating; I'm quite sorry that I didn't dive into it sooner. I was quickly absorbed by this refreshing mix of science and history; I learned a lot of both and read this book quite quickly for a science book. There was also the added fact that I had to return it.I would have liked a little more detail in terms of the historical side of things and a little less chemically; however, that was just my preference. Napoleon's Buttons certainly does go fairly in-depth chemistry-wise, showing the exact formations of many of the substances discussed and how they differ from others. I have to admit that a lot of it went over my head, and I was more interested in the historical detail and how in general the substances affected or could have affected history. It's kind of obvious that science and the advance of history go hand-in-hand; after all, progress is fueled by new inventions, which are generally scientific, but this book really goes in-depth into certain aspects of this relationship. Although I haven't read Guns, Germs, and Steel, in some ways it seems to me that the authors here are doing something similar, analyzing and interpreting history through unexpected ways. In fact, many things relating to guns (weapons), germs (germ treatment), and steel (development of new materials) have their own sections in this book. The seventeen sections deal with spices (peppers, nutmeg, and cloves); ascorbic acid; glucose; cellulose; nitro compounds; silk and nylon; phenol; isoprene; dyes; "wonder drugs"; the pill; "molecules of witchcraft"; morphine, nicootine and caffeine; oleic acid; salt; chlorocarbon compounds; and "molecules versus malaria". Yet there was no chapter on the title: how Napoleon's soldier's buttons were made out of tin and thus did not fare well in the harsh Russian winter. That was very puzzling, and annoying. Still, I suppose there's not that much more to explain in that case. I actually found the chapter on the birth control pill quite illuminating. It was interesting both historically and scientifically, and I learned a bit about how it actually works. Many of the other sections were fascinating too; it's stunning to think about the fact that many of the materials and technologies we take for granted today took a long time to develop and perfect. As the authors so astutely point out, without rubber, without dyes, without antibiotics, without many molecules, modern society as we know it wouldn't exist at all.I'll admit to skimming some of the detailed drawings and diagrams of how the molecules are structured; I just wasn't that interested or in the mood for a detailed chemistry lesson. However, I'm definitely considering getting my own copy of this book so that I can read it more slowly.Napoleon's Buttons is well-written as well, and I read it fairly quickly for a science book. There are other science books that I've enjoyed more, but this one was still very good. www.novareviews.blogspot.com

This book would fit well in an introduction to chemistry class. I'd recommend it for teenagers who want to learn some chemistry before taking a class in high school. Here are a few interesting tidbits from the book: Is it possible that the buttons on Napolean's troops' jackets moving into Russia disintegrated in the cold? Maybe. But it was also a stupid military move. People hung nutmeg around the neck to ward off bubonic plague. It may have warded off fleas. Ships were manned above capacity to take into account the loss of sailors to scurvy. As many as 30 to 50 percent would die. The officers were more likely to eat fruits and vegetables, so avoided scurvy. The sailors wanted meat. Vitamin C got its name because it was the 3rd vitamin identified. Mistakes were made, so we have all the B vitamin numbers. High doses of vitamin C are not necessary. Better to have C at different times of day. Scott's men had scurvy trying to reach the South Pole. Thus they were weak at the end and surrendered to death. Amundsen ate foods that protected against scurvy. Brazilian slave ships had over 500 men in a room of nine hundred square feet and three feet high. The water used to manufacture gunpowder was often urine of the workers. A heavy wine drinker was believed to produce potent gunpowder. Same with a clergyman, even better was a bishop. Fritz Haber won the 1918 Nobel Prize for chemistry. I aroused protest because Haber played a significant role in Germany's poison gas program in WWI. He didn't see it as any different than any other way of dying in war. He did have the courage to refuse to fire Jews in his factory. Many elephants were killed for ivory to make billiard balls. Charles Goodyear made minimal money on his rubber efforts, but those he sold the rights to became wealthy. He actually spent much time in debtor's prison. Whole villages hid from the Belgians who wanted them to harvest rubber. Those who didn't do enough harvesting had their hands cut off. Not sure why the author fails to mention the Vietnam War when he discusses rubber plantations in Southeast Asia. Mythology credits the discovery of Tyrian purple to the dog of Hercules. Its mouth stained a deep purple after it crunched on some shellfish. The Phoenicians needed some 9,000 shellfish to produce one gram of Tyrian purple. The creature almost became extinct. Alexander the Great dyed his soldiers uniforms red to pretend to be injured. They could then surprise the Persian army. The largest saltpan in the world is in Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia where tourists can stay in a hotel made entirely of salt. Just be careful when you say, "Pass the salt, please."

Do You like book Napoleon's Buttons: How 17 Molecules Changed History (2003)?

"We decided to write this book to tell the stories of the fascinating connections between chemical structures and historical episodes, to uncover how seemingly unrelated events have depended on similar chemical structures, and to understand the extent to which the development of society had depended on the chemistry of certain compounds. The idea that momentous events may depend on something as small as a molecule- a group of two or more atoms held together in a definite arrangement- offers a novel approach to understanding the growth of human civilization."An interesting take on history, especially if you enjoy science. From the tin of Napoleon's army uniform buttons which may have disintegrated in cold weather to the spice wars, history is detailed as it relates to specific compounds. I thought the authors did a nice balancing job in keeping the book both entertaining and educational. Enjoyable to read.
—Peter Spencer

This isn't really a book that hooks you with the plot or characters or anything like that but it was interesting all the same. I like how the chapters can be read in any order. I only really read what I was interested in. I liked the chapter on Isoprene and Morphine, Nicotine and Caffeine best and I learned lots of interesting facts like how heroin was invented and marketed as "super aspirin" before it was realized to be one of the most addictive drugs known. This book is good for curious people who like history and chemistry.
—C.bear249

This books takes a somewhat disjointed ride through how seventeen loosely defined classes of molecules changed world history.I was intrigued by the book's premise - not to describe the history of chemistry, but rather to reveal the chemistry of history. The book does an admirable job of assembling anecdotes of interesting molecules that have affected our world. Unfortunately, the structure of the book is a bit disjointed, the tone is uneven, and the numerous stories could use either some additional background or some helpful editing. While I am uncertain about the background of the authors, it did feel like the book could benefit from the help of a bona fide historian who could help place events more objectively into historical context. Also, I would have preferred footnotes on each page instead of only a bibliography at the end of the book. The chapters are as follows:1. Peppers, Nutmeg and Cloves (the spice trade, and world travel)2. Ascorbic Acid (preventing scurvy)3. Glucose (slavery and sugar cultivation, artificial sweeteners)4. Cellulose (cotton/industrial revolution, guncotton)5. Nitro Compounds (explosives, Roger Bacon/gunpowder, Alfred Nobel, Fritz Haber)6. Silk and Nylon (silkworm, Wallace Carothers)7. Phenol (antiseptic, THC, plastics, bakelite, lignin)8. Isoprene (rubber, Charles Goodyear, stretchiness, gum, synthetic rubber)9. Dyes (German dye companies)10. Wonder Drugs (aspirin, sulfa drugs, penicillins)11. The Pill (steroids, Russell Marker, Carl Djerassi)12. Molecules of Witchcraft (strychnine, hyoscine, LSD)13. Morphine, Nicotine, and Caffeine (Opium Wars)14. Oleic Acid (Olive oil, trans/cis, unsaturated/saturated, soap)15. Salt (purification, trade, structure, tax, physiology)16. Chlorocarbon Compounds (refrigeration, CFCs, pesticides, anesthesia)17. Molecules versus Malaria (synthesis of quinine)
—Rex

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